这样的英语教材能用吗?(1)
这样的英语教材能用吗?近日在网上读到郭颐顿博士写的书评"一本错误百出的教材——评《国际学术会议英语》",(见转贴),可见该书的质量极差.编者和编委的英语出现如此之多的低级错误,连大学生的水平都没有.人们不禁要问,这样的英语教材能用吗?-------------------------
【转贴】
一本错误百出的教材——评《国际学术会议英语》作者:郭颐顿(中山大学外国语学院副教授)
来源:学术批评网
在我国近年来如潮涌现的研究生英语教材中,好书固然不少,平庸之作也很多,更有一批劣质产品招摇过市,造成了极坏的影响。其中特别值得注意的是由曾蕾、林泽铨、傅晓玲编著的《国际学术会议英语》(《求新研究生英语系列教材》之一;重庆大学出版社2003年3月第1版,2003年8月第2次印刷,以下简称《国际》),因为它首先是号称“求新”的研究生英语教材,并为多所高校使用;其次是它的错误不仅数量众多,而且还非常严重。对于我国外语界推陈出新的做法,笔者一贯持赞同的态度,因为惟有这样,才能适应我国当今研究生教育蓬勃发展的需要,才能提高我国研究生英语教学的水平。然而在研读和讲授《国际》的过程中,笔者发现它错误百出,令人大失所望。现将其主要谬误,辑录于后,并粗略归类,提出个人管见,以就正于方家。
1.指代错误《国际》中的指代错误俯拾即是,令人读后不知所云,如在第188页的One (reason) is that when the participants(黑体为笔者所加,表示有误,下同)listen to native speakers talking, he finds that they produce partial sentences, incomplete phrases, which are different from what they learn from their listening course. Usually, foreign participants are used to the ideal strings of complete, perfectly formed sentences, as they are taught to speak slowly and clearly and his teacher generally addresses the class in a slow and clear style一句中,participants是个复数名词,此处指参加国际会议的两个以上的中国人,可是后面这个he却来得非常突兀,它究竟是指谁呢?根据上下文难以推断。此后的第一个they想来是指native speakers,后一个they则指参加国际会议的中国人,但是foreign participants(外国与会者)就又叫人不知所指了。如果中国学者去境外国家参加国际会议,那么这个词可以包括中国人;若是国际会议在中国举行,那么它就应该指非中国人了。再往后的they虽然和foreign participants的所指一致,但是his teacher又出现得很突然,令人如坠云雾。原句子改作One (reason) is that when the Chinese participants listen to native speakers talking at international conferences, they note that the speakers produce partial sentences and incomplete phrases, which are different from what they have learned from their listening courses taught in China. Usually Chinese scholars are used to the ideal strings of complete, perfectly-formed sentences as they have been taught to speak slowly and clearly and their teachers generally address the class in a slow and clear style,读起来意思才比较清楚。
在第55页的The writer must indicate the source of all information and ideas from existing work that he or she uses in his writing一句中,编著者用了he or she uses,说明他们具有这样的意识,即在以英语为母语的人当中,有相当一部分人的女权意识比较强烈,容不得文章中用he或his或him来泛指一类人的现象,因此编著者在he后面加上or she无疑是恰当的,但是后面的in his writing也应当相应地调整为in his or her writing才是,否则会造成理解混乱。另外,在这个语境中,author(作者)一词,似乎要比writer(通常指“作家”)更加准确;而且source也应当用其复数形式sources才好,因为一个作者在写文章的时候,引用的资料和观点,常常源自多个出处。照此推理,work也应当用其复数形式works(作品/著作)。全句拟改为:The author must indicate the sources of all information and ideas from existing works that he or she uses in his or her writing。
《国际》中还有缺乏指示代词的句子,如第59页的if no organization owns the material, then is referred to by its title。原句中少了代词it,应改为then it is referred to by its title。
2.语法与词法错误语法和词法错误,乃至非常严重的低级错误,在《国际》中也不胜枚举。比如第189页的In addition, the listeners’own interest to the speaker and his presentation attribute to his understanding of what the speaker said,句中的interest后,应跟介词in而不是to;attribute to(把[某事]归因于……)在此不仅系用词错误,而且还因词尾缺少表示动词单数的s,与主语interest形成了数的不一致,应改为contributes to(有助于)。另外,listeners’(名词复数所有格)和his(单数)understanding,又造成了数的不一致。全句拟改为the listener’s own interest in the speaker’s presentation contributes to his understanding,或the listeners’own interest in the speaker’s presentation contributes to their understanding。
英语名词audience作整体看时,动词可用单数形式;作许多人看时,动词可用复数形式,有时两种形式都可以用。虽然如此,在同一句中,它至少应该保持数的一致。可是在第96到97页的The audience tends to think about the questions raised at the beginning, and therefore are led into what follows easily这个句子中,audience在前半句中被视为单数,因此后面用了一个单数的谓语动词tends,但是在后半句中又用了复数的are led,从而造成了主谓语在数的关系上不一致的语法错误。更使人吃惊的是,严重的语法错误竟然也出现在编著者的“作者简介”当中,如His research fields are discourse analysis and bilingual translation. He has many publications in this field (this field应为these fields——笔者)和Her research topic is in Systemic Functional Linguistics and Language Teaching (topic is应为topics are)。
“国内外专家”这一汉语词组,有多种英语表达方式,例如domestic and foreign experts,或experts from home and abroad。但是说experts from both domestic and abroad(第199页),却是错误的;英语中根本就不存在这样的搭配,所以domestic应改为home才正确。另外,在第149页的I’ll invite you attend that session中,attend前少了一个to;而在第77页的The most crucial form of property and productive asset is to arable land中,又多了一个to。
3.明知故犯的错误编著者在第74页提醒读者:在第一次使用首字母缩略词时,后面要给出它的全名,如SFG代表Systemic Functional Grammar,但是我们在紧接着的第75页就看到了两个首字母缩略词,如NGO和ILO,却未加任何解释。这种做法,真是令人百思不得其解。
编著者在第63页称,夹注可以采用方括号加数字或者上标数字的形式,并且举了两个例子予以说明,如Rice yields have consistently fallen [9]或Rice yields have consistently fallen9。前一例无疑是正确的,后一例中的数字9却没有上标,应改为fallen9。
一篇完整的英语论文,应包括关键词,但是在第47到50页的范文里,却没有见到关键词,不能说不是一个遗憾。
4.引导错误如果一个中国人能说出一口发音准确的英语,写出一篇语法正确的英语文章,那么这个人在国际场合就会立刻赢得他人的尊重。引导学生使用正确的英语表达方式,乃是英语教师的职责所在。可是《国际》的编著者在第68页却说,If you write a script that is grammatically correct, it may sound rather formal(此句语法上存在毛病。较好的说法是:If the script you write is grammatically correct, it may sound rather formal.——笔者)。这完全是误导读者,实难苟同。难道中国人非要说/写出类似A long time no see(洋泾浜英语:好久不见——笔者)这样的话,才算得体吗?
在谈到正式和简约的问题时,编著者在第72页举了一对例子,以资对比,如:
Formal: (5a) You made a payment of $15,000 to the customer to cover his loss. Simple: (5b) We paid $15,000 to the customer to cover his loss.
编著者本来似乎想说,made a payment of不如paid简约,但是这对例句中主语的无谓改变(5a中的You变成了5b中的We),使得两个句子在意义上发生了异变,使“你们赔钱”变成了“我们赔钱”。这简直是开经济玩笑!
在第62页的For full information, see The Chicago Manual of Style (available in languages’Learning Resource Center, Room 236)这句话中,languages’Learning Resource Center, Room 236的意思,就十分模糊。首先,languages’究竟指什么?其次,Learning Resource Center, Room 236又在哪里?即使是编著者所在学校的师生寻找这个地方尚且不得,使用这本教材的外校师生找起来,困难就可想而知了。